Conventional Loan Products
- Fixed-Rate Mortgage (FRM):
- Available in various terms (typically 15, 20, 30 years), with a fixed interest rate and monthly payments.
- Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM):
- Interest rate changes over time based on an index. Common types include 5/1, 7/1, and 10/1 ARMs (where the first number indicates the fixed-rate period in years, and the second number indicates how often the rate adjusts after that period).
Government-Insured Loans
- FHA Loans:
- Insured by the Federal Housing Administration, designed for low-to-moderate-income borrowers; requires a lower minimum credit score and down payment.
- VA Loans:
- Guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, available to veterans, service members, and their spouses; offers competitive rates and no down payment in most cases.
- USDA Loans:
- Backed by the United States Department of Agriculture, intended for rural home buyers; offers low rates and no down payment.
Specialized Loan Types
- Jumbo Loans:
- For properties that exceed the conforming loan limits set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
- Interest-Only Mortgage:
- Borrowers pay only the interest on the loan for a set period, usually 5-10 years.
- Balloon Mortgage:
- Requires a large payment at the end of the loan term.
- Reverse Mortgage:
- For homeowners aged 62 and older, allowing them to convert part of their home equity into cash.
- Construction Loans:
- Designed to finance the construction of a new home.
- Bridge Loans:
- Short-term loans used to bridge the gap between buying a new home and selling the current one.
- Home Equity Loans:
- Allows homeowners to borrow against the equity in their homes.
- Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC):
- Similar to a home equity loan but works like a credit card; borrowers can draw money as needed up to a limit.
- Renovation Loans:
- For purchasing a home that needs repairs or for financing home improvements.
- Combo/Piggyback Loans:
- Involves taking out two loans simultaneously, such as an 80/10/10 loan where 80% is the first mortgage, 10% is the second mortgage, and 10% is the down payment.
Niche Loan Products
- Self-Employed Mortgage Loans:
- Designed for borrowers with non-traditional income sources.
- Foreign National Mortgage Loans:
- For non-residents looking to purchase property in the U.S.
- Non-Qualified Mortgage Loans (Non-QM):
- Do not meet the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau guidelines but cater to those with unique financial situations.
- Physician Loans:
- Tailored for medical professionals, often requiring little to no down payment and not counting student debt against them.
- Investment Property Loans:
- For purchasing rental or investment properties.